Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) - Indian Ocean (2007)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) z Indian Ocean (2007)

	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)	Indian Ocean (2007)

Administrative divisions	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	-
Airports	2 (2007)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups	total: 68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.	The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.
Birth rate	13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)	-
Capital	name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November	-
Climate	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy	northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline	120 km	66,526 km
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon	-
Death rate	6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Debt - external	$NA	-
Dependency status	self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)	-
Disputes - international	none	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France	-
Economy - overview	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.	The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption	46.5 million kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	50 million kWh (2005)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m	lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment	endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Ethnic groups	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)	-
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006) head of government: President of the Territorial Council Stephane ARTANO (since 21 February 2007) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the council	-
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	-
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts	-
Exports - partners	Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	46 50 N, 56 20 W	20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note	vegetation scanty	major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	541.6 bbl/day (2004)	-
Imports - commodities	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials	-
Imports - partners	France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006)	-
Independence	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	8.1% (2005)	-
International organization participation	UPU, WFTU	-
Irrigated land	NA	-
Judicial branch	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel	-
Labor force	3,450 (2005)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 18% industry: 41% services: 41% (1996 est.)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	-
Land use	arable land: 12.5% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.5% (2005)	-
Languages	French (official)	-
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	-
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.76 years male: 76.41 years female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)	-
Location	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)	body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references	North America	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	-
Nationality	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French	-
Natural hazards	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard	occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports	oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate	-4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	7,036 (July 2007 est.)	-
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.128% (2007 est.)	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system	-
Telephones - main lines in use	4,800 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)	-
Terrain	mostly barren rock	surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate	2 children born/woman (2007 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	10.3% (1999)	-

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